The theoretical prediction in H is empirically supported when different human participants are classified as carrying either low (black) or high (red) noise via median split across participants ( K), but not when different blocks from the same participant are classified as carrying either low (black) or high (red) noise via median split across blocks ( J). Red elements illustrate the case of internal noise intensity equal to 2. It is due to intrinsic noise in the detector and preamplifier: shot noise due to the detectors dark current, voltage noise from the input FET, etc. We found that in wild-type flies the in vivo rate of spontaneous G (q) activation is very high. A high rate of spontaneous G (q) activation and dark bump production potentially hampers single-photon detection. It is uncorrelated with sensitivity (plotted on y axis). In photoreceptor cells, dark activation of G (q) molecules occurs spontaneously and produces unitary dark events (dark bumps). The clipping point (indicated by red horizontal arrow in H) is a monotonically decreasing function of internal noise intensity ( I) specified by a transcendental equation ( Neri 2020). Figure 2 Internal noise (>400 independent estimates) is on average (green arrow) 1.3X greater than the stimulus-driven component of the decision variable (indicated by orange vertical line), and the distribution of its magnitude across different stimuli/tasks/observers is log-normal. In the presence of internal noise ( F), the ideal template is a clipped version of the signal (red dashed line in H) rescaled to lie within the 0-1 range (red solid line). Dark noise is negligible: spontaneous signals (quantum bumps produced in darkness) occur less than ten times.
The dark-current projection images were collected in the absence of X-rays, used. In the absence of internal noise, the ideal template is the signal itself ( E). Intrinsic noise in locust photoreceptors. Purpose: To investigate how an intrinsic speckle-tracking approach to. The detection device is asked to identify which of two stimuli contains a smooth signal ( A) added to a white noise source ( C versus G). Figure 4 Ideal templates depend on internal noise.
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